GEOKIMIA BIJIH DAN KONSENTRAT DARI CEBAKAN TEMBAGA-EMAS PORFIRI GRASBERG, TEMBAGAPURA
Abstrak
Cebakan porfiri merupakan salah satu tipe cebakan hidrotermal yang proses pembentukannya berkaitan dengan intrusi porfiritik dengan kontrol struktur geologi yang dominan. Mineralisasi utama terjadi pada zona ubahan potasik berupa mineral-mineral sulfida yang terendapkan secara tersebar atau dalam urat-urat stockwork dan breksi hidrotermal dengan Cu sebagai kandungan logam paling dominan. Selain Cu, Au, Mo dan Ag yang sudah umum diekstrak, cebakan tipe porfiri juga mengandung unsur-unsur ikutan yang dapat bernilai ekonomis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur-unsur logam dalam bijih dan konsentrat bijih dari cebakan porfiri Cu-Au Grasberg dengan tujuan mengetahui jenis unsur-unsur ikutan lainnya yang berpeluang untuk dimanfaatkan karena bernilai ekonomis.
Metode analisis kimia AAS, ICP-OES, XRF, kolorimetri, spektrofotometri, turbidimetri, volumetri dilakukan terhadap 12 conto bijih terdiri dari masing-masing 3 conto dari jenis bijih MGO, HGO, SGO dan CLO, 11 conto konsentrat serta 1 conto tailing. Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dilakukan terhadap 2 conto konsentrat untuk mengetahui kandungan U dan Th.
Kadar Cu, Au dan Ag terkait dengan kandungan mineral-mineral sulfida di dalam bijih dan sudah terbukti ekonomis. Kadar Te dan Se di dalam bijih masing-masing 2,7 ppm dan 6,4 ppm. Di dalam konsentrat bijih, kadar kedua unsur tersebut meningkat menjadi 16 ppm Te dan 174 ppm Se. Data peneliti lain menunjukkan kandungan platinum group elements (PGE) yaitu Pd dan Pt di dalam konsentrat bijih masing-masing 1700 ppb dan 650 ppb. Data tersebut menunjukkan unsur-unsur ikutan Te, Se, Pt dan Pd dari cebakan porfiri Cu-Au Grasberg bisa diambil dari lumpur anoda sebagai produk ikutan dari proses pemurnian bijih tembaga.
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